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Portuguese for Capoeiristas

Chapter One - Portuguese Pronunciation

Pronunciation in Portuguese is very consistent. Unlike English, each letter usually only makes one sound, and rarely strays from the rules. The following chart gives a letter(s) a phonetic example of the sound it makes, and a close approximation in English. This is followed by and example of common usage in Portuguese. Keep in mind that these are approximations, and your understanding of pronunciation will grow as you gain experience speaking.

  Phonetic English Approximation Portuguese Usage
a ah call casa
b b big bolo
c (before "e" or "i") ss circle certo
c (any other time) k cake calor
ch sh champagne chegar
ç ss NA praça

d (before a terminal "e" or any "i")

 j cage verdade
d (any other time) d dog dor
e eh egg levar
f f front frente
g (before "e" or "i") zh garage ginga
g (any other time) g guess golpe
h (as the first letter in a word) (no sound) NA hoje
i ee sing sim
j zh azure jantar
l l low lavar
lh (l y) will you mulher
m m middle meio
n n never nunca
o oh open obrigado
p p point pronto
qu k kick quente
r (at the beginning of a word) h hat roda
r (between two vowels) d steady capoeira
r (in any other case) r read chutar
rr h mayhem ferro
s (between two vowels) z please mesa
s (in any other case) ss some sentar
t (before a terminal "e" or any "i") ch branch bate
t (any other case) t take ter
u oo blue mudar
v v very vento
x sh dish mexer
z z zebra zangado
ão oun (nasal) sound ratão

There are a few more important cases you should memorize. If a word ends with an "m" or "n" that is preceded by a vowel, the last letter is not pronounced and the vowel is nasalized. It sounds very similar to the "ão" in the list above. As you continue to learn Portuguese you will see that there are a few more pronunciations you will need to be familiar with. There are also several cases when you stray from the rules. But, even the exceptions to the rules are better governed by rules themselves than English.

In Portuguese words with more than one syllable, the second to last syllable (penultimate syllable) carries the emphasis. For example, the word "anda" means "walk" and is pronounced "AHN-dah" with emphasis on the penultimate syllable.

There are two exceptions to this rule. If the word has an accent mark, the syllable with the accent mark is emphasized. If the word ends with the letters "l","z", or "r", or the last vowel in the word is "u" or "i" then the last syllable is emphasized. This means that the word "andar" is pronounced more like "ahn-DAH" moving the emphasis to the last syllable. This second exception is often referred to as the "luzir" (loser) rule, and is a good way to help yourself remember how it works.

In Portuguese there are two genders. All nouns are either masculine (o) or feminine (a). We'll talk more about this in Chapter two, but for now all nouns in the vocabulary lists will be written with their definite article (the) to show the gender. As you study your vocabulary, see if you can notice any patterns that help indicate the gender of the object.

Let's put these rules to work in our first vocabulary lesson.

Body Parts and Counting to 10

a cabeça the head
o pescoço the neck
o peito the chest
o braço the arm
a mão the hand
o cotovelo the elbow
a cintura the waist
a perna the leg
o joelho the knee
o pé the foot
a canela the shin
o pulso the wrist
a coxa the thigh
o tornozelo the ankle
o dedo the finger
o dedo do pé the toe
a junta the joint
um (uma) one
dois (duas) two
três three
quatro four
cinco five
seis six
sete seven
oito eight
nove nine
dez ten

Read through this lesson several times, and then make sure you memorize all of the vocabulary given. When you feel like you're ready to go on try the workbook section of this chapter.

Click Here to try the workbook assignment Untitled Document

 
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