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Portuguese for Capoeiristas

Chapter Two - Important Little Words

You may have noticed already that all nouns in Portuguese are assigned one of two genders. The definite article, "the" in English, is translated "o" or "a" in Portuguese. The masculine form, "o," is used when the word (noun)is masculine. The feminine form "a," is used when the word is feminine. Most nouns that end with the letter "a" in Portuguese are feminine. Though there is no hard and fast rule, most others are masculine. Here are some examples. Notice the patterns and the exceptions. Memorize these useful words and their genders.

a academia

 the studio
a ginga the ginga
a capoeira the capoeira
a roda the wheel
a criança the child
a música the song (music)

a camisa

 the shirt
a beleza the beauty
a bandeira the flag
a comida the food
a esquiva the dodge
a aula the class (lesson)
a caneta the pen
a casa the house
o jogador the player
o berimbau the berimbau
o pandeiro the tambourine
o homem the man
o sapato the shoe
o golpe the strike (hit)
o problema the problem
o movimento the movement
o au the cartwheel

In English the indefinite articles are "a" and "an," and which one we use is dependant on whether or not the first letter of the word it modifies is a consonant or a vowel. In Portuguese they are "um" and "uma" and are gender specific. For example we say "uma mulher" for "a woman" and "um homen" for "a man." You might have noticed that the indefinite article in Portuguese is just the word for "one." It might help you to think that in Portuguese we don't really say "a woman" or "a man," what we're really saying is "one woman" or "one man."

Go through the vocabulary list again, and practice using both forms of the indefinite article. Repeat the words out loud as you review them so that you can also practice your pronunciation. Here is an example of a few of each kind.

uma academia a studio
uma ginga a ginga
um jogador a player
um berimbau a berimbau

The words we'll be using in this chapter are some of the most difficult to translate directly. Here we list their most common usages. As you listen to others speak Portuguese you will become more familiar with how they are commonly used.

para to, in order to
por for, by
a at, to
em in
de of
esse/essa that*
este/esta this
aquele/aquela that (farther away)
sobre about
se if
ou or
e and
mas but
entre among
antes de before
depois de after
dentro de inside
fora de outside
que that*

*Notice that in English the word "that" actually has two different meanings. Here is an example of each and the Portuguese word that would be used in each case:

Did you know "that" I speak Portuguese? (que)

Look at "that" house! (esta/aquela)

Often, when these smaller important words occur together in a sentence, they are contracted into one word.

In order to increase your ability to understand what others are saying in Portuguese it is very important to be able to recognize these contractions as well.

em + a = na in the
em + o = no in the
de + a = da of or from the
de + o = do of or from the
em + essa = nessa in that
em + esse = nesse in that
em + esta = nesta in this
em + este = neste in this
de + essa = dessa of that
de + esse = desse of that
de + esta= desta of this
de + este = deste of this
de + aquela = daquela of that
de + aquele = daquele of that
em + aquela = naquela in that
em + aquele = naquele in that
a + a = à at the

In Portuguese you never hear anyone say "em o." Instead you hear "no." Likewise, no one ever says "de essa." You'll hear "dessa" instead. These contractions are important, spend some extra time memorizing them and putting them to use.

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